Challenges in the Indian Education System and Possible Reforms
Author : Nasrin Rumi
Abstract :
Education is universally recognised as the cornerstone of national development, social transformation, and individual empowerment. In a country as vast and diverse as India, the education system plays a critical role in shaping human capital and ensuring inclusive growth. Despite notable progress in expanding access to education, India continues to face deep-rooted structural and systemic challenges that affect the quality, equity, and relevance of education. These challenges include infrastructural deficits, outdated curricula, teacher shortages, socio-economic disparities, digital divide, examination-oriented learning, and weak governance mechanisms. This paper critically examines the major challenges confronting the Indian education system and proposes comprehensive reforms aimed at improving quality, accessibility, and relevance in line with national and global requirements. The study highlights the need for policy-driven, technology-enabled, and learner-centric reforms to transform India’s education system into a dynamic and inclusive framework capable of meeting the demands of the 21st century.
Keywords : Education System, Challenges, Indian